| 孙宏.从《无名的裘德》看西方社会意识形态国家机器对人性的压迫[J].,2016,17(4):88-97 |
| 从《无名的裘德》看西方社会意识形态国家机器对人性的压迫 |
| Jude the Obscure:An Exposure of the Repressive Nature of the Ideological State Apparatuses in the Western Society |
| 投稿时间：2016-05-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 哈代 意识形态国家机器 基督教会 高等教育 婚姻制度 |
| English Keywords:Thomas Hardy ideological state apparatuses Christian Church higher education marriage system |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 从新马克思主义的观点分析哈代最后一部小说《无名的裘德》,可以看出作者对资本主义社会进行了深刻的反省。阿尔都塞认为,宗教、教育和家庭等体制都是意识形态国家机器,其作用无非是“保障生产关系的复制”。在《无名的裘德》中,哈代无情抨击的正是基督教会、高等教育和婚姻制度等维系西方社会的主要支柱。在建筑界从业的经历赋予哈代独到的眼光,使他能够从建筑学的角度审视这些上层建筑的领域。小说中的基督寺大学集教会和高等教育于一身,是裘德一心向往的“光明之城”,结果是那所学府的哥特式建筑却是一座名副其实的幽暗城堡,将他拒之门外。他和表妹苏·布赖德黑德因同居而违背了西方社会的婚姻制度,被视为“有伤风化”,遭到社会无情的迫害。裘德在黑暗中溘然而逝,哈代的小说创作随之化为绝响,标志着作者和他笔下的主人公对资本主义社会意识形态国家机器的最终弃绝。 |
| English Summary: |
| An analysis of Hardy's last novel, Jude the Obscure, from the perspective of Neo-Marxism shows his deep reflection on the capitalist society. Althusser holds that the system of religion, education, and family are all ideological state apparatuses, whose function is simply “securing the reproduction of relations of production.” In Jude the Obscure, what Hardy mercilessly attacks are exactly Christian church, higher education, marriage system and other major pillars of Western society. Hardy's experience in construction industry gives him a unique perspective and enables him to look at these areas of the superstructure from an architectural point of view. With its dual role of Church and higher education, Christminster is “the city of light” Jude is longing for, but that institution with its Gothic architecture turns out to be an authentic castle of darkness that shuts him out. Due to his cohabitation with his cousin, which is seen as an immoral offense against the Western society's marriage system, they suffer relentless persecution. Jude finally died in the darkness, an ending which coincides with the termination of Hardy's career in novel creation and marks both his and his protagonist's ultimate rejection of the ideological state apparatuses of the capitalist society. |
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