安江林.论我国核能开发利用的基本阶段、重点领域和安全保障[J].,2016,17(2):13-20
论我国核能开发利用的基本阶段、重点领域和安全保障
On Basic Stages, Key Areas and Security in China’s Nuclear Energy Development and Utilization
投稿时间:2016-01-15  
DOI:
中文关键词:  核能开发    核电技术    核聚变电站    核安全
English Keywords:nuclear energy  nuclear technology  nuclear fusion power plant  nuclear safety
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作者单位
安江林 兰州财经大学 丝绸之路经济研究院,甘肃 兰州 730020 
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中文摘要:
      以核电为主导全面开发利用核能的基本阶段及相应的主导技术大致包括: 2020年以前,多数核电站采用第二代大型压水堆核电技术,新建核电机组全部采用具有自主知识产权的第三代核电技术;2021—2030年,加快第四代核电技术的研发和产业化进程,具有自主知识产权的快中子堆及其核增殖技术达到商业化应用,核电技术实现革命性提升;2031—2050年,大规模推广应用第四代核电技术,实现核燃料越烧越多的“核增殖”目标,核能产业成为高效益、大规模、微污染甚至零污染的支柱性能源产业;2050年以后,商业化开发利用核聚变能并过渡到大规模开发利用氢能为主的能源时代。当前和今后核能开发的战略重点主要是发展核电、核燃料后处理、核供热、先进核技术的研究与开发、核装备制造等产业,形成先进而健全的核工业体系。核能开发最主要的安全保障是提高核安全科学技术水平,第三代核电站的安全系数比第二代反应堆高出了一个数量级即10-100倍,第四代核电技术则使核工业成为近乎没有最终废料的清洁行业,核电站在任何情况下都不会出现核临界事故;其次是制定严格的核安全法律、法规、标准等规范体系,提高全社会的核应急能力。
English Summary:
      Dominated by nuclear power, the basic stages of comprehensive development and utilization of nuclear energy and the corresponding leading technology mainly include :Before 2020, most of the plants use the second generation large pressurized water reactor nuclear power technology, the new nuclear power units use the third generation nuclear power technology with independent intellectual property rights; In 2021-2030, acceleration of the fourth generation nuclear power technology research, development and industrialization, as well as the commercial application of independent intellectual property rights of fast reactor and its nuclear proliferation technology and revolutionary advancement in nuclear power technology can be all realized; In 2031-2050, there will be a massive use of the fourth generation nuclear power technology in order to achieve the goal of more “nuclear proliferation” and nuclear energy will become the pillar industry with high benefit, large-scale, slightly polluted and even zero pollution; After 2050, the era will meet the fulfillment of the commercial development and utilization of nuclear fusion and transform to a new one with the large-scale of development and utilization of hydrogen energy. The main strategic focus of the present and the future nuclear power development are the development of nuclear power, nuclear fuel reprocessing, nuclear heating, advanced nuclear technology research and development, nuclear equipment manufacturing industry, which help to form an advanced and perfect system of nuclear industry. The main security in nuclear power development is to improve nuclear safety science and technology. The security of the third generation of nuclear power plant is 10-100 times as the second generation reactor. The fourth generation nuclear power technology has become a cleaning industry with almost no final waste. In no case will nuclear power plant have any nuclear critical accident; By strict nuclear safety laws, regulations and criteria, and other standard systems, the nuclear emergency ability of the whole society will be enhanced.
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